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The image, Figure 6-80 from Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3rd edition, covers the life cycle of bacteriophage lambda. The two pathways for the cycle can be seen with lysogenic on the left and lytic on the right. After the phage DNA gets injected into the bacterium, the DNA circulates and follows one of two paths. The lytic path causes the synthesis of viral proteins required for the formation of new viruses, rapid replication of free viral DNA, and casing the viral particles before causing cell lysis. The lysogenic path integrates the lambda DNA into the bacterium’s DNA, which gets passed along the bacterium’s generations. However, a lysogenic path can follow a lytic path after an induction event that acts as a trigger. The lambda contains about 50,000 nucleotide pairs and encodes about 50 proteins. The double-stranded DNA of the phage can exist in linear or circular forms The bacteriophage can multiply through lytic or lysogenic pathways as seen in the E. coli bacterium. The lysogenic state of the bacterium shifts to a lytic state when the damage to the cell causes phage DNA to exit the host chromosome. The movement into and out of the bacterium chromosome are site-specific genetic recombination events catalyzed by lambda’s integrase protein.

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