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At present, the focus on greenway construction in China is shifting from production protection and environment beautification to ecological protection and leisure and recreation. The ways in which to explore a comprehensive and efficient ecological health functional greenway plant landscape model are of particular importance for greenway construction and community belt park management. In the present study, nine landscape configuration patterns of three green space structure types (trees-shrubs-grass, trees-grass, and shrubs-grass) in typical community demonstrative belt park greenways in Changchun Fitness Park in Beijing were selected as the study objects on which to perform quantitative study and evaluation of the single and comprehensive effects of six core ecological health factors, namely green space landscape beauty degree, negative air ions, human comfort, PM2.5, and bacteria and noise reduction. The results show that the ecological health care effects of the greenways differ due to various community structures. The score range of the plant landscape beauty of spatial composition groups is − 1.333 to 0.932, the highest value of air negative ions released in summer reaches 1176 cm−3, and the reduction rate of PM2.5 concentration is 1.94–12.21%. The greenways have a strong effect on improving human comfort in spring, summer and autumn. The temperature difference inside and outside the green spaces is as high as 3 ℃, the humidification is about 20%, the net noise attenuation rate is 0.10–11.36%, and the bacteria reduction rate reaches up to 50–60%. The comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the six-core health factor system, the range of the comprehensive index of ecological health function of the three types of green space structures was 2.3187–10.3334, and the overall order was trees-shrubs-grass > trees-grass > shrubs-grass. The three landscape configuration patterns that were screened with better ecological health care effects can be used for the construction of the urban community belt park greenways.

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