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This article describes an information-processing model of positive and negative cognition and evaluates the fit between the model and existing empirical data. The model proposes five distinct states of mind that are conceptualized in terms of cognitive balance and quantitatively defined by homeostatic set point ratios of positive cognitions to total positive plus negative cognitions. One of these states of mind (positive dialogue) is considered functionally optimal because of information processing properties that render negative events maximally salient. States of mind that deviate from this optimal balance are associated with psychopathology. Statistical analyses of 27 studies of normal, anxious, and depressed subjects indicate that the model fits existing data for three of the five states of mind. Insufficient data were available to directly evaluate the two extreme states of mind. Implications of cognitive balance for psychopathology and psychotherapy are discussed.

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